Standard setters: Standard setters set the structure, content, reporting principles and standards for corporate reporting. Examples include International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB), CDP, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
Stock exchanges: All stock exchanges require companies listed to provide annual financial filings and reports. Some stock exchanges have developed sustainability reporting requirements and guidance for registrants, in addition to specialist indices on these registrants' sustainability performance. Some of these exchanges provide either sustainability reporting guidance or training to the companies listed on their exchange.
Supporting organizations: Supporting organizations include business groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who advocate for reporting, provide guidance and lead initiatives to improve corporate transparency. Examples of organizations include the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), World Economic Forum (WEF), the Natural Capital Coalition, and the Climate Group.
Supranational organizations: Organizations that have influence across national boundaries. These organizations may set international standards or convene other organizations. Examples include UN Global Compact, OECD and UNEP Finance Initiative.
Indexes/ratings agencies: Ratings agencies, such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, request information though questionnaires from reporting organizations in order to prepare benchmarking indices.
Investors: Investors: Shareholders and investors seek to understand how those they are investing in are dealing with climate-related matters. They issue guidance on their expectations of ESG information, which then in turn can influence reporting requirements. Institutional investors may approach organizations directly for this information through engagement channels, or they may act in coalition through the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).
Regulators: Governments and regulators develop mandatory or voluntary reporting requirements through existing or new laws, or through authoritative guidance.
References:
Comments